Fabry was right, "none" didn't work as a parameter of qchroot. I've uploaded version 0.3.5 to Extras-Devel. It works now, I think.
cd /home/user sudo qchroot /dev/mmcblk1p2 my-chroot-folder/
cd /home/user sudo qmount /dev/mmcblk1p2 my-chroot-folder/
cd /home/user sudo qumount /home/user/my-chroot-folder/
cd /home/user sudo closechroot /home/user/my-chroot-folder/