I think that if you drain the battery at zero charge, the calibration will restart.
Of course, don't do this often.

When the phone says 0%, the real SOC (State of Charge) of the lithuim-ion battery is some point around 50%. If you drain further, the battery life will be shortened early than normal, so the Phone shutdown itself before that happen. (The battery also get 'tired' for long exposure to high temp).

So the chip that monitors the Battery SOC has two methods for calculate SOC: Measuring the Voltage and Counting the mA-hr consumption. The "calibration" consist of refreshing the formula that link Voltage with SOC in the monitor chip.

This however in not magical. If the Battery Monitor App say, for example 24 hs remaining and the phone shutdown it self in 24 hs, there is not much room for re calibration.

Hope it helps