So I've exposed the mode using the modrana QML context property. So to get the current mode, just use it like this anywhere in the QML code:
modrana.mode is a R/W sub-property, so it can be also used to set the current mode, modRana-wide:
I've also fixed the theme related errors by specifying the modrana.theme sub property. It was probably caused by the root window not being completely loaded at startup. On the other hand, context properties are set before the main loop is started and the view shown, so it should not have this problem any more.