If Nokia Suite is able to show your messages, what you should do is back them all up via Nokia Suite then do a tracker reset and restore them to your phone.

This problem usually happens due to a corruption in the way messaging-ui reads from the tracker db and since this is closed, there is no proper fix other than the above.

To reset tracker type the following in terminal:
Do remember to switch off your internet connection as the above will delete your call logs, messages and contacts. Back up your contacts too and if they are provided by a sync service, delete the sync account so that nothing happens to them due to the reset.