Yes, I had a similar issue once. It was a few years ago so I do not remember all the details, especially how I got to that situation. So I am not sure if it was exactly the same. But I hope it might help somehow anyway.

The reason behind my problem was that Windows and Linux used different parts of the disc as the FAT table. How could that happen? Memory cards can be formatted in two fundamental ways. Either as a big floppy or as a hard disc. The difference is that the former does not have a partition table but the latter does. Of course, the location of the FAT table is very different in those two cases. I somehow got to the situation where one OS would think my card was partitioned whilst the other OS did not. My case was complicated further by the fact that I had some data on that card not yet backed up on the PC. Unfortunately the PC could not get to it

If you have all your data backed up and do not care about formatting your card again, then I think your best bet is to do just that. Format it again. On the phone, in File Manager. Long press on the card's icon and select Format.