I can not safely tell what exactly happend, but your amount of 43 somewhat euros does not match the vat that is to be expected...

we paid 25,90€ at 19% vat for germany, turkey is at 18% so it should only be 24,53€.

The regulations for tax free import in turkey are different from germany and what they are trying to collect from you is propably import tax / import duty!

For germany, everything below 22€ is import vat and import tax free. between 22€ and 150€ is only import tax free but we needed to show we already paid vat at some point to avoid import vat.

For turkey i found at FedEx that the limit is 75€. Correct or do i mix up things?

Edit:
The 43,56€ correspond to 31,96% "whatever tax."
Searching for "Turkey 32% tax" returns they might want to charge you at maximum rate for Capital gains. LOL
(Could be coincidence though)

Are you the only turkish jolla c owner?