> Before changing #3 (configure email client) to Outlook which I use,

Item 3 on the "Forwarding and POP" page just leads to instructions, it doesn't change any settings.

My 770's POP3 settings are
User name: <my address including @gmail.com>
Incoming Server: pop.gmail.com
Security: SSL
Incoming email port: 995

The gmail help says that you can use ports 465 or 587 for SMTP (hence the different suggestions), but 995 is the only one listed for POP3 retrieval.
The help page also says "Did you click 'Save Changes' after enabling POP in Gmail?"

It doesn't help that mail clients sometimes confuse the terms TLS and SSL.

I just checked and it worked now with the settings above. However, when I first set it up a few months ago, it didn't work simply because POP access was down (as I found when I tried using a mail client on a PC).