The CA-101 cables are not shorted that way. They are datacables. If the D+ and D- were shorted together, or if D+, or D- were shorted to ground in any way, then communication would not work.

CA-101 will charge the phone when connected to a computer that is alive, and the computer agrees to supply power to the phone.

D+ to ground is not the correct way to identify as a charger. D+ and D- should be connected together.

You can find the Battery Charging spec at usb.org, in a zip. batt_charging_1_1_FINAL.pdf

Page 7 shows the connection, “A Dedicated Charging Port is required to short the D+ and D- lines with a resistance of RDCHG_DAT”, page 29 specifies max 200 ohms across D+ and D-. Although the wording on page 7 suggests it should be exactly 200 ohms... Also on Page 29, a minimum of 2 MEGA ohms of resistance between D+ and ground or vbus. That is, not connected together at all.