Most Android phones require you to enter Google Account details before you can access any phone functions. Developer phones such as ADP2 will allow you to skip the registration process. If you choose to skip that step then you will be required to complete the registration before you can access any of the Google applications such as the marketplace.
Of course there's nothing at all preventing you from just creating a unique Google account for use with the phone: that way you don't give away any more personal information than if Google just recorded activity against the phone's internal identity. It's probably a futile exercise though: as soon as you start storing phone numbers in your contacts (which are then backed up to your Google account) or sending and receiving emails you might as well accept that Google knows everything you do.