In America it's a legal requirement for GPS chips to be in the phones for many years now, so it's logical to assume the gps is turned on automatically when an emergency call is made by dialling 911

In the UK although 999 is the emergency number, 112 the european number and also 911 all work and get you through to the emergency operator.
I was a network engineer in the UK and had to dial the numbers to test they worked whenever I worked on a cell site.