a) /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-1/1-0048/twl4030_usb/vbus is 5V VBUS detection, probably from twl4030
b) /sys/devices/platform/musb_hdrc/charger is D+/- short detect, aka charger_detect, probably from 1707
c) charger_detect only works (or is triggered) when VBUS is applied
d) charger_detect is 'stricky', se 3) vs 5) above. I.E. it is reset to 0 only when vbus is removed (I have not checked to keep D+/- short while removing VBUS, but I'd expect the standard charger when unplugged from mains does exactly that, and it results in 0 0 )