I don't think there is a way unless you use MfE (this requires Exchange as the server, bare bones IMAP won't do).

Again, I agree that your requirement is sensible. There might be some workarounds too; for example folder-specific subscriptions (solution #7 in the brainstorm) combined with server-side rules to auto-archive older mail might work - you'd retrieve your bulky archives folders only when really required.

But unless you put forward your requirement and vote in the Brainstorm, one thing is for sure, nothing will happen...