I didn't test this, but it might work.

Modified your server settings to

vlc -vvv v4l2:///dev/video0 --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp1v,acodec=mpga,fps=10,vb=200} :rtp{dst=CLIENTADRESSE,port=5000,sdp=file:///home/andi/sdp.sdp,ttl=10,mux=ts,proto=udp}'

Frames per second is 10, bitrate is 200 kb/s and changed codec to Mpeg1.