"Is this just making calls that the emulator can't handle"
Looks like yes
Maybe trying a newer qemu that has a better arm support?
Or you could try to replace some syscall by others but this is only doable for easy stuff.
238 and 268:

#define __NR_tkill (__NR_SYSCALL_BASE+238)
#define __NR_tgkill (__NR_SYSCALL_BASE+268)

I'll give it a try when I find a bit of time.
edit:
I think I had underestimated the size needed simply for compiling.. no more space on device after 1h ..
929 MB .. damned /scratchbox
meanwhile, my qemu is version 0.7, very very old... scratchbox2 would help
edit: it does compile here on the 3.2, i have run qtdemo. qt4.3.1.