Use flasher as mentioned above and just flash the kernel, boot your phone.
install DROPBOX and upload all your files to DB and just DL the files.

WHY DON'T YOU TRY this...
Jam in a SD card, copy all files from MyDocs to SD and keep going untill all files are back on your computer?
Reflash and check your usb port.
The damage may be done, but, you should/could have filed off the two prongs on your usb charger and usb cable. Without these, it won't drag and rip your usb port.