There is not much evidence that the phone itself is affected. The dmesg output just shows errors for one partition. This might further indicate to the external card, may be just this one partition being corrupted. Try to fsck the partition, possibly with repair options. Code: sudo gainroot umount /dev/mmcblk1p6 fsck -af /dev/mmcblk1p6 fsck -r /dev/mmcblk1p6 Remount the partition to check for errors in kernel messages again.
sudo gainroot umount /dev/mmcblk1p6 fsck -af /dev/mmcblk1p6 fsck -r /dev/mmcblk1p6